心肺复苏术 CPR

BLEEDING

If too much blood is lost from the body through a wound or other injury, the casualty may die, always stop the bleeding promptly.


WHAT TO DO

- If the wound is minor and dirty, lightly rinse it with running water, if available, until it is clean.

- Wash your hands before and after giving first aid and avoid getting blood on your hands or body especially if you have any open cuts or wounds.


Wash Hands & Use Sterile Dressing


- Stop the flow of blood by pressing firmly on the wound, or hold the cut edges together. Put a bulky dressing firmly on the wound. If a suitable dressing cannot be found quickly, use a folded pad of material or tissues. Keep firm pressure on the wound for 10 minutes with the casualty lying down, if possible.

- If the wound is on a limb, raise the injured part to slow down bleeding. Comfort and reassure the casualty.



Stop the flow of blood by applying direct pressure and elevating the limb.


- If the blood comes through the first dressing pad, check that it is in the right place. If still bleeds, apply further pad – do not remove original pad.

- Keep the wounded part raised for a while, until the bleeding has stopped. A doctor should check all severe wounds. Some will need stitches to help them to heal.

- A puncture wound, such as an injury from a rusty nail, or a bite from a cat or dog, may become infected later. The casualty should see the doctor as soon as possible, because an anti-tetanus injection may be needed.

FIRST AID

WHAT IS FIRST AID?


First Aid is the first assistance or treatment given for a sick or injured person (called casualty) before the arrival of an ambulance or qualified expert.


TO SAVE LIVES


If unconscious keep the airway clear

Make sure the casualty is breathing

Stop any bleeding

Treat other injuries in the right order


TO PREVENT FUTHER INJURY

Never move the casualty unless there is danger, to avoid further injury

Comfort and reassure the casualty

Give protection from the cold, exercise heat or wet conditions


TO OBTAIN MEDICAL AID

Ask someone to call an ambulance or doctor as soon as possible.

Always stay with the victim until help arrives.

校园常见急救处理-呼吸心跳停止

 应先检查有无脉搏、呼吸，判断是否应做此项技术。

务必把握『黄金时间』4-6分钟内，立即进行心肺复苏术（CPR）。

在进行急救前应先通知学校其他相关人员在旁协助，并通知救护车前来支援，速送医院争取急救时效。


注：
大马公共救护车服务
For Public Ambulance Service: Tel: 999 (Dial 112 if dialling from a mobile phone)

校园常见急救处理-休克

由于全身组织灌流减少，造成血压下降、脉搏快而弱、呼吸急而浅、皮肤溼冷、脸色苍白、不安、焦躁。


■引起休克之原因：

器质性的；如心脏病、甲状腺疾病、糖尿病、贫血、中暑、大出血等。

非器质性的；如情绪、脱水、热病、体质较弱等。

■处理方式：

检查生命徵象之变化，去除引起休克之原因。

迅速将患者抬至阴凉处或健康中心。

鬆开衣服，身体放平，抬高下肢20~30公分。

保暖：四肢冰冷者，覆盖棉被或毛毯。

意识清醒者，可以适度补充温水。

如严重休克，必要时应使用心肺复甦术（或复甦姿势），并迅速送医急救。

校园常见急救处理-昏倒

了解昏倒的原因，若为疾病引起，则依该疾病之照顾原则给予处理。

症状处理及心理支持。

注意生命徵象之变化，必要时应立即送医。

给予舒适之环境。

校园常见急救处理-呕吐

了解呕吐的原因及性质。

观察呕吐物之性状。

为减轻呕吐之不适，以盐水漱口。

检查腹部有无异状；腹部扣、触诊。

严重呕吐；应立即通知家长送医诊治，以防电解质不平衡、抽筋或脱水。